Preoperative cardiovascular risk assessment in cancer patients AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
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Abstract
Cancer patients can be challenging in the preoperative evaluation, either due to the limited time between the evaluation and the surgical procedure, or due to various associated risk factors such as previous exposure to chemotherapy, advanced age, drug interactions, and degree of frailty. This study consists of an integrative review of the literature, which seeks to answer how to assess the cardiovascular surgical risk of cancer patients in relation to elective surgeries, with the objective of identifying the risks that this specific population may present, and how to manage these patients in order to avoid further complications in the perioperative period. The integrative review is a type of literature review whose methodology is broader, allowing the inclusion of varied studies, whether experimental or non-experimental. The steps for the elaboration of this review article are based on the work of Souza et al. (2010), which consists of the elaboration of an integrative review, divided into six stages. Of the total of 99 articles selected for full-text reading, 23 were selected and the main levels of evidence found were for descriptive and analytical studies, with a quantitative approach (12; 52%) and literature reviews (11.48%). A scarcity of controlled and randomized experimental articles in this patient profile has been demonstrated. This study shows that there are still knowledge gaps in cardio-oncology in the context of surgical patients, and efforts to study this patient profile are necessary.
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